La Voluntat de comunicar-se en una segona llengua: la presa de decisions individual en un context social

Aquest text de Peter MacIntyre exposa els seus punts de vista sobre la voluntat de comunicar centrant-se en la presa de la decisió individual de cada parlant en un context social determinat. Aquesta decisió es produeix al final d'un temps o procés en el qual influeixen una diversitat de factors, que exposa detalladament el model gràfic de la voluntat de comunicar. En contextos socials com ara el de Nova Escòcia o Catalunya, la suma de les decisions individuals de comunicar, respectivament, en gaèlic o en català té una influència directa en el futur d'aquestes llengües.This text of Peter MacIntyre presents his views on willingness to communicate focusing in the individual decision making of each speaker in a given social context. This decision arrives at the end of a process in time, where a variety of factors have an important influence: the WTC model shows their interrelations in an integrated way. In social contexts like those of Nova Scotia or Catalonia, the sum of individual decisions to communicate, respectively, in Gaelic or Catalan, have a direct effect on the future of these languages

Sunderland Software City: The Impact of a Collaborative Project to Develop the Software Industry within the North East of England

This paper uses a case study approach to evaluate the impact of a collaborative initiative within the North East of England which sets out to grow and sustain a software industry, based on the strengths of regional players. The project Sunderland Software City has the ambitious aim of developing the people, the infrastructure and the business and enterprise culture to create and sustain a software industry. This paper focuses upon the impact of the project, and presents some lessons learned to date

Fabrication of submicron planar Gunn diode

We present, for the first time, the fabrication process for a submicron planar Gunn diode in In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As on an InP substrate operating at 265 GHz. A novel two stage lift off method has been developed to achieve a submicron gaps between contacts down to 135 nm with widths up to 120 μm

Anxiety And Language Learning From A Stages Of Processing Perspective

Language anxiety is the apprehension experienced when students are confronted with a situation involving use of limited second language skills. Previous studies have shown that anxiety specific to language learning situations is negatively associated with measures of second language achievement.;The three studies that make up this dissertation are concerned with providing answers to two main issues that have been raised in the literature on language anxiety. The first concerns the relation of language anxiety to various indices of attitudes and motivation that have been implicated in second language learning. The results of Study 1 support the conclusion that language anxiety is distinct from attitudes and motivation. Further analyses show that language anxiety is significantly negatively correlated with second language performance measures that rely on a broad base of language skills (e.g. course grades) and relatively specific tasks as well (e.g. vocabulary recall).;The second issue concerns the more specific cognitive effects of language anxiety. In order to examine effects of language anxiety on the cognitive activities that underlie language learning, a model of the effects of anxiety on learning from instruction (Tobias, 1986) is used in two additional studies. The model separates language learning into three overlapping stages, concerned with the exposure (Input stage), comprehension (Processing stage), and production of the second language (Output stage). Study 2 employs scales designed to measure anxiety at each of the three stages separately. Results show that anxiety at each of the stages of processing is correlated with performance at that stage. Study 3 attempted to induce anxiety at each of the stages using a video camera. Results showed that when the camera was associated with increased anxiety, performance at all three stages was impaired, but when the camera failed to arouse anxiety, performance was not impaired. Results are discussed in terms of their implication for the conceptualization of language anxiety, its measurement, and potential actions to remedy its negative effects

The Prior Appropriation Doctrine in Montana: Rooted in Mid-Nineteenth Century Goals—Responding to Twenty-First Century Needs

The Prior Appropriation Doctrine in Montana: Rooted in mid-nineteenth century goals—responding to twenty-first century need

The Prior Appropriation Doctrine in Montana: Rooted in Mid-Nineteenth Century Goals—Responding to Twenty-First Century Needs

The Prior Appropriation Doctrine in Montana: Rooted in mid-nineteenth century goals—responding to twenty-first century need

Managerial Work in a Practice-Embodying Institution - The role of calling, the virtue of constancy

What can be learned from a small scale study of managerial work in a highly marginal and under-researched working community? This paper uses the ‘goods-virtues-practices-institutions’ framework to examine the managerial work of owner-directors of traditional circuses. Inspired by MacIntyre’s arguments for the necessity of a narrative understanding of the virtues, interviews explored how British and Irish circus directors accounted for their working lives. A purposive sample was used to select subjects who had owned and managed traditional touring circuses for at least 15 years, a period in which the economic and reputational fortunes of traditional circuses have suffered badly. This sample enabled the research to examine the self-understanding of people who had, at least on the face of it, exhibited the virtue of constancy. The research contributes to our understanding of the role of the virtues in organizations by presenting evidence of an intimate relationship between the virtue of constancy and a ‘calling’ work orientation. This enhances our understanding of the virtues that are required if management is exercised as a domain-related practice

Positive and negative emotions in motivation for second language learning

Peer reviewe